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排序方式: 共有495条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
91.
Salah Ammar Ridha Abdelhedi Cristina Flox Conchita Arias Enric Brillas 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2006,4(4):229-233
Here we demonstrate that anodic oxidation with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode can be applied to the remediation of wastewaters containing indigo carmine. This environmentally friendly method decontaminates completely acid and alkaline aqueous solutions of this dye. The degradation rate increases with increasing current and dye concentration. Indigo carmine is more rapidly removed in alkaline than in acid medium, but its kinetics does not follow a defined reaction order. Isatin 5-sulfonic acid is the main aromatic product formed. Oxalic and oxamic acids are generated as ultimate carboxylic acids. The nitrogen of the dye is converted into NH4
+ and NO3
−. 相似文献
92.
Lidia Pino Cristina ItalianoAntonio Vit Concetto FabianoVincenzo Recupero 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(10):138-150
Sorbents for CO_2 capture have been prepared by wet impregnation of a commercial active carbon(Ketjen-black, Akzo Nobel) with two CO_2-philic compounds, polyethylenimine(PEI)and tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA), respectively. The effects of amine amount(from 10 to70 wt.%), CO_2 concentration in the feed, sorption temperature and gas hourly space velocity on the CO_2 capture performance have been investigated. The sorption capacity has been evaluated using the breakthrough method, with a fixed bed reactor equipped with on line gas chromatograph. The samples have been characterized by N_2 adsorption–desorption,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX). A promising CO_2 sorption capacity of 6.90 mmol/gsorbenthas been obtained with 70 wt.% of supported TEPA at 70℃ under a stream containing 80 vol% of CO_2. Sorption tests, carried out with simulated biogas compositions(CH_4/CO_2mixtures), have revealed an appreciable CO_2 separation selectivity; stable performance was maintained for 20 adsorption–desorption cycles. 相似文献
93.
Cristina Gomes M. Lurdes Lopes Paulo J. Venda Oliveira 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):1352-1368
This paper presents the parameters of municipal solid waste shear strength determined in the laboratory (triaxial tests) and by in situ tests: standard penetration tests (SPT) and cone penetration tests (CPT). The results analyzed here are part of a study carried out on the Santo Tirso landfill (north of Portugal) between 2001 and 2007. The influence of the strain levels, waste composition, and waste age on the shear strength parameters is presented, as well as an attempt to establish some correlations between the SPT and CPT tests and to estimate municipal solid waste (MSW) friction angles from the SPT tests. The results indicate that the aging of the waste, which is characterized by a decrease in fibrous and organic materials and an increase in inert materials and fine fraction, leads to an increase in frictional resistance and to a decrease in cohesion. The results of the SPT and CPT tests indicate higher penetration resistance in older and deeper waste. Estimating the frictional resistance from the SPT test seems to obey an empirical relationship expressed by a power function, which depends on the strain level.
Implications: Comparison of shear strength parameters of municipal solid waste (MSW) determined through laboratory (triaxial tests) and in situ tests (SPT and CPT) showed that the greater amount of fibrous and granular elements leads to an increase in “cohesion” and in friction angle values, respectively. Waste aging results in an increase in frictional resistance and in a decrease in “cohesive” resistance. This is consistent with the composition changes with aging: increase of the relative quantity of inert materials and fine fraction, and decrease in particle size, in organic matter content, and in fabrics and plastics. 相似文献
94.
A simulated burning experiment was conducted in a tubular furnace system to examine the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the burning of rice and bean straw, and the influence of combustion parameters was investigated. Total emission amounts of 16 PAHs (∑PAHs) from the burning of rice and bean straw ranged from 9.29 to 23.6 μg g?1 and from 3.13 to 49.9 μg g?1, respectively, which increased with the increase of temperatures from 200 to 700 °C. The contribution of combustion to individual PAH yields was about 80.6–100%, which was generally increased with the increase of burning temperature. Moisture content in straw had a negative effect on PAH formation, especially on PAHs with low molecular weight. ∑PAHs emission amounts decreased by 78.2% for bean straw with a moisture content of 30% in comparison with that for dried straw. In addition, PAH emission amounts increased with the increase of O2 content in supplied air and then decreased, which showed a maximum emission at O2 content of 40%. The source fingerprint of PAHs in emission from straw burning was established, which showed that naphthalene accounted for 35.0 ± 7.4% of ∑PAHs. Based on the experimental data, emission amounts of ∑PAHs from the burning of rice and bean straw were estimated to be 320–357 and 32.5–76.0 tons to ambient air per year in China, respectively. 相似文献
95.
Teresa Rocha-Santos Filipe Ferreira Lurdes Silva Ana Cristina Freitas Ruth Pereira Mário Diniz Luísa Castro Isabel Peres Armando Costa Duarte 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(4):866-874
Background, aim and scope
Pulp and paper mills generate a plethora of pollutants depending upon the type of pulping process. Efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of such effluents have been made by developing more effective biological treatment systems in terms of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, colour and lignin content. This study is the first that reports an evaluation of the effects of a tertiary treatment by fungi (Pleurotus sajor caju, Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhizopus oryzae) on individual organic compounds of a Eucalyptus globulus bleached kraft pulp and paper mill final effluent after secondary treatment (final effluent). 相似文献96.
Pérez-Novo C Fernández-Calviño D Bermúdez-Couso A López-Periago JE Arias-Estévez M 《Chemosphere》2011,83(7):1028-1034
The adsorption-desorption kinetics of Zn in the absence and presence of P was studied by using the stirred flow chamber technique. The results thus obtained were compared with those previously obtained for Cu. As with copper, the simultaneous addition of P and Zn in a 1:1 mole ratio to soil was found to significantly increased Zn adsorption relative to the absence of P. Unlike Cu, however, Zn was only adsorbed at fast adsorption sites in the absence of P. In any case, the increased adsorption of Zn in the presence of P was largely due to slow adsorption sites, where Zn2+ ion acted as a bridging element between P and organic matter. Following adsorption in both the presence and absence of P, Zn was desorbed to a much higher extent than was Cu. However, the proportion of Zn desorbed after adsorption in the presence of P was significantly lower than in the absence of P. This indicates that Zn binds more strongly to adsorbing surfaces in the presence of P than in its absence. 相似文献
97.
Ezio Ranieri Umberto Fratino Andrea Petrella Vincenzo Torretta Elena Cristina Rada 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(16):15983-15989
The comparative effectiveness for hexavalent chromium removal from irrigation water, using two selected plant species (Phragmites australis and Ailanthus altissima) planted in soil contaminated with hexavalent chromium, has been studied in the present work. Total chromium removal from water was ranging from 55 % (Phragmites) to 61 % (Ailanthus). After 360 days, the contaminated soil dropped from 70 (initial) to 36 and 41 mg Cr/kg (dry soil), for Phragmites and Ailanthus, respectively. Phragmites accumulated the highest amount of chromium in the roots (1910 mg Cr/kg(dry tissue)), compared with 358 mg Cr/kg(dry tissue) for Ailanthus roots. Most of chromium was found in trivalent form in all plant tissues. Ailanthus had the lowest affinity for CrVI reduction in the root tissues. Phragmites indicated the highest chromium translocation potential, from roots to stems. Both plant species showed good potentialities to be used in phytoremediation installations for chromium removal. 相似文献
98.
Moreno B Vivas A Nogales R Macci C Masciandaro G Benitez E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(3):253-264
Background, aim, and scope In this work, the potential for using olive-mill solid waste as an organic amendment for biochemical and biological restoration
of a trichloroethylene-contaminated soil, which has previously been stabilized through vermicomposting processes, has been
explored.
Materials and methods Trichloroethylene-contaminated water was pumped into soil columns with a layer of vermicompost at 10-cm depth (biobarrier
system). The impacts of the trichloroethylene on the microbial community were evaluated by determining: (1) the overall microbial
activity (estimated as dehydrogenase activity) and enzyme activities related to the main nutrient cycles (β-glucosidase, o-diphenoloxidase, phosphatase, urease, and arylsulphatase activities). In addition, isoelectric focusing of the soil extracellular
humic-β-glucosidase complexes was performed to study the enzymatically active humic matter related to the soil carbon cycle.
(2) The soil bacterial diversity and the molecular mechanisms for the bacterial resistance to organic solvents were also determined.
For this, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to detect changes in bacterial
community structure and PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) was developed and optimised for detection and
discrimination of the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) genes amplified from the contaminated soils.
Results Vermicompost reduced, with respect to the unamended soil, about 30% of the trichloroethylene leaching during the first month
of the experiment. Trichloroethylene had a marked negative effect on soil dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, urease, phosphatase,
and arylsulphatase activities. Nevertheless, the vermicompost tended to avoid this toxic effect. Vermicompost also displays
stable humic-β-glucosidase complexes that increased the extracellular activity related to C-cycle in the contaminated soils.
The isoelectric focusing technique showed a more biochemically active humic matter in the soil sampled under the vermicompost.
The behaviour of the three main phyla of bacteria isolated from the DGGE bands was quite different. Bands corresponding to
Actinobacteria disappeared, whereas those affiliated with Proteobacteria remained after the trichloroethylene contamination. The disappeared Actinobacteria became visible in the soil amended with the vermicompost. Bands corresponding to Bacteriodetes appeared only in columns of contaminated soils. In this study, six types of RND proteins were detected by PCR-SSCP in the
natural soil, three in the trichloroethylene-contaminated soil and 7/5 in trichloroethylene-contaminated soil above/below
the vermicompost in the biobarrier columns. Trichloroethylene tended to reduce or eliminate all the clones detected in the
uncontaminated soil, whereas new efflux pumps appeared in the biobarrier columns.
Discussion Although enzymes incorporated into the humic substances of vermicomposted olive wastes are quite stable, trichloroethylene
also inhibited the background levels of the soil extracellular β-glucosidase activity in the amended soils. The decrease was
less severe in the biobarrier system, but in any case, no relation was found between the levels of trichloroethylene in soil
and extracellular β-glucosidase activity, or between the latter and the quantity of humic carbon in soils. The isoelectric
focusing technique was carried out in the humic fraction to determine whether the loss of activity occurred in overall extracellular
β-glucosidase or in that linked to stable humic substances (humic–enzyme complexes). The contaminated soils showed the lower
enzyme activities, whereas contaminated and amended soils presented greater quantity of focalised (and therefore stable) humic
carbon and spectra heterogeneity: very different bands with higher enzyme activities. No clear relationship between trichloroethylene
concentration in soil and diversity of the bacterial population was noted. Similar patterns could be found when the community
structures of bacteria and microbial activity were considered. Since the use of the dehydrogenase assay has been recognised
as a useful indicator of the overall measure of the intensity of microbial metabolism, these results could be attributed to
PCR-DGGE methodology, since the method reveals the presence of dominant populations regardless of their metabolic state. Trichloroethylene
maintained or even increased the number of clones with the DNA encoding for RND proteins, except for the contaminated soil
located above the vermicompost. However, the main effect of trichloroethylene was to modify the structure of the community
in contaminated soils, considering the type of efflux pumps encoded by the DNA extracted from soil bacteria.
Conclusions Trichloroethylene inhibited specific functions in soil and had a clear influence on the structure of the autochthonous bacterial
community. The organic matter released by the vermicomposted olive waste tended to avoid the toxic effect of the contaminant.
Trichloroethylene also inhibited the background levels of the soil extracellular β-glucosidase activity, even when vermicompost
was present. In this case, the effect of the vermicompost was to provide and/or to stimulate the humic-β-glucosidase complexes
located in the soil humic fraction >104, increasing the resistance of the enzyme to the inhibition. The bacterial community from the soil presented significantly
different mechanisms to resistance to solvents (RND proteins) under trichloroethylene conditions. The effect of the vermicompost
was to induce these mechanisms in the autochthonous bacterial community and/or incorporated new bacterial species, able to
grow in a trichloroethylene-contaminated ambient. Coupled biochemical and molecular methodologies are therefore helpful approaches
in assessing the effect of an organic amendment on the biochemical and biological restoration of a trichloroethylene-contaminated
soil.
Recommendations and perspectives Since the main biochemical and biological effects of the organic amendment on the contaminated soil seem to be the incorporation
of biochemically active humic matter, as well as new bacterial species able to grow in a trichloroethylene-contaminated ambient,
isoelectric focusing and PCR-SSCP methodologies should be considered as parts of an integrated approach to determine the success
of a restoration scheme. 相似文献
99.
Patricia Zazeri Leite Tatiana Cristina Stefani Margarido Daína de Lima Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres Eduardo Alves de Almeida 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(8):1411-1421
Purpose
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are among the most used insecticides in agriculture, causing the inhibition of esterases like acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE). Pesticides can reach the aquatic environment, posing risks to non-target organisms, including tadpoles. 相似文献100.
Carmen Cristina Elekes Irina Dumitriu Gabriela Busuioc Nicoleta S. Iliescu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(6):1230-1236